Prevalence of soft tissue calcifications in the maxillofacial region: a radiographic study

Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of soft tissue calcifications in orofacial region and their panoramic radiographic characteristics using digital panoramic radiographs among patients reporting to a tertiary dental hospital. Methods: 1,578 digital panoramic radiographs were retrieved from the archives and scrutinized for the presence of calcifications. Soft tissue calcifications were recorded according to age, gender, site (left or right). Data were analysed using Chi-square and Fisher's exact test using SPSS software and a p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Among the total number of radiographs, calcified carotid artery (34.3%), calcified stylohyoid ligament (21%), tonsillolith (10.3%), phlebolith (17.6%), antrolith (6.3%), sialolith (5.9%), rhinolith (2.5%) and calcified lymph nodes (1.9%) were identified. The most commonly observed calcifications were calcification of carotid artery and stylohyoid ligament and the least commonly observed calcifications were rhinolith and calcified lymph node. A statistically significant association of the presence of calcifications of carotid artery and stylohyoid ligament on the left and right side was observed in females and tonsillolith on the right side in males (p-value < 0.05). Considering the gender and age group, the occurrence of antrolith among males and rhinolith among females of young-adult population, tonsillolith among the males, calcified carotid artery and stylohyoid ligament among the females of middle-aged population was found to be significant. Conclusion: Soft tissue calcifications are often encountered in dental panoramic radiographs. Our study revealed that the soft tissue calcifications in orofacial region were more common in women and were found to be increased above 40 years of age

Embarazo Gemelar con Discrepancia Morfologíca. Complejo Malformación y Obstrucción Uretral: diagnóstico prenatal / Twin Pregnancy with Morphologic Discrepancy. Complex Malformation and Urethral Obstruction: prenatal diagnosis

Presentamos un caso de embarazo gemelar, monocorial-bianmiotico con discrepancias morfológicas, diagnóstico de malformación y obstrucción uretral prenatal y diagnóstico postnatal de Síndrome de Prune-Belly. Feto A: Dilatación macroscópica del sistema colector con vejiga grande con paredes finas, hidroureter bilateral , dilatación de la uretra, parenquima renal aumentado de tamaño. Feto B: sin alteraciones morfológicas. Postnatal se observó en feto A abdomen flácido y pastoso, ano imperforado, megavejiga e insuficiencia renal

We present a case of twin pregnancy, monocorial-bi-mixtic with morphological discrepancies, diagnosis of malformation and prenatal urethral obstruction and postnatal diagnosis of Prune-Belly syndrome. Fetus A: Macroscopic dilation of the collecting system with large bladder with fine walls, bilateral hydroureter, dilation of the urethra, renal parenchymal increased in size. Fetus B: without morphological alterations. Postnatal was observed in fetus at flaccid and pasty abdomen, imperforated anus, megavejiga and renal failure.

The role of intra-abdominal pressure in human testicular migration

ABSTRACT Objectives: This review aims to study the role of the abdominal wall in testicular migration process during the human fetal period. Materials and Methods: We performed a descriptive review of the literature about the role of the abdominal wall in testicular migration during the human fetal period. Results: The rise in intra-abdominal pressure is a supporting factor for testicular migration. This process has two phases: the abdominal and the inguinal-scrotal stages. The passage of the testis through the inguinal canal occurs very quickly between 21 and 25 WPC. Bilateral cryptorchidism in Prune Belly syndrome is explained by the impaired contraction of the muscles of the abdominal wall; mechanical obstruction due to bladder distention and structural alteration of the inguinal canal, which hampers the passage of the testis during the inguinoscrotal stage of testicular migration. Abdominal wall defects as gastroschisis and omphaloceles are associated with undescended testes in around 30 to 40% of the cases. Conclusions: Abdominal pressure wound is an auxiliary force in testicular migration. Patients with abdominal wall defects are associated with undescendend testis in more than 30% of the cases probably due to mechanical factors; the Prune Belly Syndrome has anatomical changes in the anterior abdominal wall that hinder the increase of intra-abdominal pressure which could be the cause of cryptorchidism in this syndrome.

Seudo síndrome prune belly / Pseudo Prune-belly syndrome

Introducción: El síndrome prune belly es una rara y compleja anomalía congénita y el seudo prune belly es aún más raro y en muchas ocasiones no se diagnostica como tal. Objetivo: Describir un paciente con las características de este síndrome. Presentación del caso: Feto de sexo masculino que en la semana 23 del embarazo el ultrasonido prenatal detectó dilatación pélvica bilateral y se propuso la interrupción del embarazo que no fue aceptada por los padres. Al nacer se observa criptorquidia bilateral, el ultrasonido renal a las 34 horas de nacido confirma dilatación pélvica bilateral severa, se indica profilaxis con cefalexina, y a los cuatro dias de nacido es enviado a consulta de nefrología. Al llegar a consulta se observa la ausencia de testículos en ambas bolsas escrotales y el ultrasonido abdominal a los 16 dias confirma dilatación pélvica renal derecha severa y uréter dilatado en su tercio superior con 6 mm de diámetro y ureteropielocaliectasia severa del lado izquierdo; no se visualiza testículo derecho y el izquierdo en canal inguinal mide 7 × 10 mm. La gammagrafía estática demostró hipocaptación marcada del radiofármaco por el riñón izquierdo y disminución de la función renal relativa y en la uretrocistografía miccional se encontró dilatación vesical y reflujo vesicoureteral con ureterohidronefrosis bilateral. Conclusiones: El seudo síndrome prune belly presenta alteraciones complejas del tracto urinario que son las que establecen el pronóstico en estos casos(AU)

Introduction: Prune belly syndrome is a rare and complex congenital anomaly and the pseudo prune belly is even rarer and often not diagnosed as such. Objective: To describe a patient with the characteristics of this syndrome. Presentation of the case: Male fetus that in the 23rd week of pregnancy it was detected a bilateral pelvic dilatation in the prenatal ultrasound; and it was proposed the termination of pregnancy which was not accepted by the parents. At birth it is observed bilateral cryptorchidism; the renal ultrasound at 34 hours after birth confirmed bilateral severe pelvic dilation, it is indicated prophylaxis with cephalexin, and at four days after birth, the newborn is remitted to the Nephrology consultation. In the consultation it was noticed the absence of scrotal sacs in both testicles and the abdominal ultrasound at 16 days after birth confirmed severe right renal pelvic dilatation and dilated ureter in its upper third with 6 mm of diameter and severe uretero-pielocaliectasy in the left side; it is not visualized the right testicle and the left in the inguinal channel measured 7 × 10 mm. Static scintigraphy showed marked hypocaptation of the radiopharmaceutical by the left kidney and decreased relative renal function, and in the voiding cystourethrogram it was found bladder dilation and vesicoureteral reflux with bilateral ureterohydronephrosis. Conclusions: The pseudo prune belly syndrome presents complex abnormalities of the urinary tract that are those which establish the prognosis in these cases(AU)

Trasplante renal en paciente con pared abdominal compleja: síndrome de abdomen en ciruela pasa / Kidney transplant in a patient with a complex abdominal wall: Prune belly syndrome

Introducción. Se presenta un paciente con falla renal crónica secundaria a hidroureteronefrosis bilateral, con antecedente de síndrome de abdomen en ciruela pasa (prune belly), en quien se realiza trasplante renal. El objetivo de este reporte de caso es exponer una anomalía congénita, con baja incidencia mundial y en menor proporción asociado a trasplante renal, con énfasis en la dificultad para la técnica quirúrgica dada por la hipoplasia de los músculos de la pared abdominal. Métodos. Revisión de Historia clínica, Consentimiento Informado. Búsqueda de la literatura.Caso clínico. En cirugía se identifica ausencia de músculos de la pared abdominal y fibrosis de las venas Iliaca externa y común derecha. Se realiza abordaje bajo técnica de Gibson contralateral, con trasplante renal sin complicaciones. Presentó adecuada evolución en seguimiento ambulatorio. Discusión. El síndrome de abdomen en ciruela pasa (prune belly) es una anomalía congénita de baja incidencia, con pocos reportes asociados a trasplante renal. El reto quirúrgico está dado por la ausencia de músculos de la pared abdominal, que aumentan los riesgos por posibles complicaciones, como la lesión de los vasos epigástricos inferiores. Para el cierre de pared abdominal en trasplante renal, se describe en dos planos, que en este caso se realiza sobre fascia muscular y piel. Aun siendo un reto, el paciente presenta adecuada evolución postoperatoria

Introduction. We present a patient with chronic renal failure secondary to bilateral hydroureteronephrosis, with a history of prune belly syndrome, who underwent a kidney transplant. The objective of this case report is to expose a congenital anomaly, with a low worldwide incidence and to a lesser extent associated with kidney transplantation, with emphasis on the difficulty for the surgical technique due to the hypoplasia of the abdominal wall muscles.Methods. Review of clinical history, Informed Consent. Literature search.Clinical case. Absence of abdominal wall muscles and fibrosis of the external iliac veins and right common veins were identified intraoperatively. An approach was performed under the contralateral Gibson technique, with uncomplicated kidney transplantation. He presented adequate evolution in outpatient follow-up.Discussion. Prune belly syndrome is a low-incidence congenital anomaly, with few reports associated with kidney transplantation. The surgical challenge is given by the absence of abdominal wall muscles, which increases the risks due to possible complications, such as injury to the inferior epigastric vessels. For the closure of the abdominal wall in kidney transplantation, it is described in two planes, which in this case is performed on muscle fascia and skin. Despite being a challenge, the patient has adequate postoperative evolution

Follow up of Patients with Eagle-Barett (Prune Belly) Syndrome Treated with Single-Stage Abdominoplasty and Total Genitourinary Tract Reconstruction / Seguimiento de pacientes con síndrome de Eagle-Barret (prune belly) tratados con abdominoplastia en un solo tiempo y reconstrucción total del tracto genitourinario

Introduction The Prune Belly Syndrome (PBS) is the deficiency or congenital hypoplasia of the abdominal muscles accompanied with disorders of the urinary tract. The surgical treatment for the uropathy of the PBS seeks to correct the anatomical defects that induce damage to the urinary tract, including the improvement of the bladder emptying. The correction of the abdominal wall defect must be considered as an important part of the treatment. Objective To describe of the most relevant clinic characteristics and outcomes of a group of eight patients with PBS managed with abdominoplasty and reconstructive urologic surgery. Methods Retrospective review of the medical charts of patients with PBS at Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Hospital Militar Central of Bogotá, Clinica Infantil Colsubsidio and Fundación Oftalmológica Ardila Lulle of Bucaramanga, (Colombia) that were managed with reconstructive surgery of the urinary tract and Monfort technique abdominoplasty (between 2006 and 2016) by one of the authors (JPN). The evaluated variables included: phenotypic appearance, renal function, bowel movements, and urinary tract infection (UTI) episodes. These variables as well as the abdominal wall aspect, were evaluated postoperatively. Results There were 11 patients identified with PBS between 2006 and 2016. Eight (8) of them underwent reconstructive urologic surgery, orchidopexy and Monfort technique abdominoplasty. After the procedures, none of the patients presented deterioration of the renal function, and they reported a better quality of the stools according to the Bristol scale; there were also less episodes of UTI. The phenotypic aspect of the abdominal wall was qualified as satisfactory in all cases. Conclusions Reconstructive urologic surgery and abdominoplasty in patients with PBS is an excellent choice of management that reduces the number of UTIs, improves bowel movements according to the Bristol scale, and preserves the renal function. This management approach also improves the phenotypic aspect of the abdominal wall. All of this leads to higher survival rate and better quality of life.

Introducción El Síndrome de Prune Belly (SPB) es la deficiencia o hipoplasia congénita de los músculos abdominales acompañada de desórdenes del tracto genitourinario. El manejo quirúrgico de la uropatía del SPB busca corregir los defectos anatómicos que inducen daño al tracto urinario, incluyendo la mejora del vaciamiento vesical. La corrección del defecto de la pared abdominal debe considerarse como una parte importante del manejo. Objetivos Describir las características clínicas más relevantes y el desenlace de un grupo de 8 pacientes con SPB manejados con abdominoplastia y cirugía urológica reconstructiva. Materiales y Métodos Revisión retrospectiva de las historias clínicas de los pacientes con SPB del Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Hospital Militar Central de Bogotá, Clínica Infantil Colsubsidio, y Fundación Oftalmológica Carlos Ardila Lulle de Bucaramanga (Colombia), manejados con cirugía reconstructiva de las vías urinarias y abdominoplastia tipo Monfort entre los años 2008 y 2016 por uno de los autores (JPN). Las variables incluidas fueron: aspecto fenotípico, función renal, hábito intestinal y características de las deposiciones, y episodios de infección urinaria. El desenlace de estas variables y el aspecto de la pared abdominal fueron evaluados en el postoperatorio. Resultados se identificaron 11 pacientes con SPB entre 2006 y 2016. Ocho (8) fueron sometidos a cirugía reconstructiva de las vías urinarias, orquidopexia y abdominoplastia tipo Monfort. Después de los procedimientos, ninguno de los pacientes presentó deterioro de la función renal; los pacientes refieren mejor calidad de las deposiciones según la escala de Bristol; se presentaron menos episodios de infección de vías urinarias. El aspecto fenotípico fue calificado como satisfactorio en todos los casos. Conclusiones La cirugía urológica reconstructiva acompañada de abdominoplastia en pacientes con SPB es una excelente forma de manejo que reduce el número de infecciones urinarias, mejora la calidad del hábito intestinal según la escala de Bristol, y conserva la función renal. Este manejo mejora además el aspecto fenotípico de la pared abdominal. Todo esto lleva a una mayor sobrevida y mejor calidad de vida.

Síndrome de eagle: reporte de caso / Eagle syndrome: case report / Síndrome de eagle: relato de caso

Resumen El síndrome de Eagle se considera como la elongación del proceso estiloides con osificación del ligamento estilohioideo o sin él, que se extiende entre el hueso temporal y el hioides. El diagnóstico puede ser realizado principalmente con tomograña computarizada (TC) o radiografía panorámica, por su puesto sin dejar de lado la variedad de signos y síntomas, como dolor cervical, sensación de cuerpo extraño en la faringe, limitaciones en la apertura bucal, dificultad para la fonación, disfagia, otalgia, tinnitus, trismo y movilidad reducida del cuello. Ya identificada la elongación, el paciente podrá recibir un tratamiento conservador o quirúrgico dependiendo de la severidad de los síntomas. El manejo conservador incluye fisioterapia, infiltración con anestésicos locales o corticosteroides y el tratamiento con fármacos antiinflamatorios, anticonvulsivos o antidepresivos. El manejo quirúrgico consiste en fracturar el proceso estiloides bajo anestesia general, a través de abordajes transorales o transcervicales. A continuación, expondremos información pertinente sobre el síndrome de Eagle y posteriormente presentaremos un caso clínico de una paciente con dicho síndrome del servicio de Cirugía Oral y Maxilofacial del Hospital Militar Central.

Abstract Eagle syndrome is considered as the elongation of the styloid process with or without ossification of the stylohyoid ligament, which extends between the temporal bone and the hyoid. The diagnosis can be made mainly with computed tomography (CT) or panoramic radiography, of course without neglecting the variety of signs and symptoms, such as cervical pain, foreign body sensation in the pharynx, limitations in oral opening, difficulty in phonation, dysphagia, otalgia, tinnitus, trismus and reduced neck mobility. Once the elongation has been identified, the patient may receive conservative or surgical treatment depending on the severity of the symptoms. Conservative management includes physiotherapy, infiltration with local anesthetics or corticosteroids and treatment with anti-inflammatory, anticonvul sant or antidepressant drugs. Surgical management consists in fracturing the styloid process under general anesthesia, through transoral or transcervical approaches. Next, we will present pertinent information about the Eagle syndrome and then we will present a clinical case of a patient with said syndrome of the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery service of the Hospital Militar Central.

Resumo A síndrome de Eagle considera-se como o alongamento do processo estiloide com ossificação do ligamento estilo-hioideo ou sem ele, que se estende entre o osso temporal e os hioides. O diagnóstico pode ser realizado principalmente com tomografia computadorizada (TC) ou radiografia panorâmica, obviamente sem deixar de lado a variedade de sinais e sintomas, como dor cervical, sensação de corpo estranho na faringe, limitações na abertura bucal, dificuldade para a fonação, disfagia, otalgia, zumbido, trismo e mobilidade reduzida do pescoço. Já identificado o alongamento, o paciente poderá receber um tratamento conservador ou cirúrgico dependendo da gravidade dos sintomas. O tratamento conservador inclui fisioterapia, infiltração com anestésicos locais ou corticosteroides e o tratamento com fármacos anti-inflamatórios, anticonvulsivos ou antidepressivos. O tratamento cirúrgico consiste em fraturar o processo estiloide sob anestesia geral, por meio de abordagens intraorais ou transcervicais. A seguir, exporemos informação pertinente sobre a síndrome de Eagle e, posteriormente, apresentaremos um caso clínico de uma paciente com essa síndrome do serviço de Cirurgia Oral e Maxilofacial do Hospital Militar Central.

Collagen I and III in women with diastasis recti

OBJECTIVES: Interest in elucidating the etiology of hernias has encouraged countless studies of musculoaponeurotic structures in individuals with and without hernias. Studies of hernia patients have firmly demonstrated a correlation between hernias and collagen alterations in their fascia. Diastasis recti is an increased width of the abdominal midline that is exclusively composed of interlacing aponeurotic expansions of the anterolateral abdominal muscles. The condition is common among women undergoing abdominoplasty, and many factors, not only mechanical, play a role. The goal of this study is to evaluate and compare collagen type I and III levels in the midline fascia of women with and without diastasis recti to report their possible influence on this condition. METHODS: This is a case-control study nested within a surgical cohort of 18 women with diastasis recti and 18 women without the condition (cases and controls, respectively). Fascia from the midline of the abdominal wall was collected and analyzed through immunohistochemistry using polyclonal antibodies to collagen type I and III. RESULTS: Both type I and type III collagen were less abundant in women with diastasis recti than in those without the condition, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Low collagen type I and type III levels in the midline of the abdominal wall may play a key role in the development of diastasis recti.

Exploration of the fetus with gross anomaly: a case of pseudo prune belly syndrome / 대한해부학회지

Prune belly syndrome is a rare congenital anomaly usually presented with triad characteristic feature of deficient abdominal muscles, cryptorchidism, and urinary tract anomalies. Here, we present a case with all the characteristic features of prune belly and the associated secondary features which were observed on detailed dissection and exploration of the fetus.

Prune Belly syndrome au Centre Hospitalier National d'Enfants Albert Royer de Dakar, Sénéga

Introduction : Le Prune Belly Syndrome (PBS) (ou syndrome d'Eagle-Barrett) est une affection congénitale rare qui touche principalement les garçons. Il est caractérisé par la triade classique aplasie musculaire de la paroi abdominale antérieure, cryptorchidie bilatérale ou agénésie des testicules chez le garçon et malformation des voies urinaires.Observation : Il s'agissait d'un garçon de deux mois admis pour investigation d'une anomalie de la paroi abdominale antérieure constatée depuis la naissance. L'examen physique avait permis de retrouver une aplasie de la musculature abdominale avec un abdomen distendu flasque et étalé, une peau fripée faisant apparaitre l'empreinte des anses intestinales. Au niveau génital il y avait un hypospadias balano-prépucial avec un prépuce en chapeau de gendarme, une cryptorchidie bilatérale. L'échographie abdomino-pelvienne avait montré une mégavessie, une urétéro-hydronéphrose bilatérale et une absence de visibilité des testicules. L'urétro-cystographie rétrograde était normale. Le reste du bilan malformatif était normal.Conclusion : Le PBS reste une affection congénitale rare. Les formes avec absence de manifestations extra-urinaires sont de bon pronostic

De las bases embriológicas a la clínica en el síndrome de Prune Belly / From the embryological basis to the clinical Prune Belly syndrome

El síndrome de Prune Belly es un trastorno congénito, que obedece según lo reportado actualmente a una base genética. Está caracterizado por la siguiente triada: deficiencia en grados variables de la musculatura abdominal, criptorquidia bilateral y anomalías del tracto urinario. Se identifican dos variantes del síndrome, una mortal y otra compatible con la vida(AU)

Prune Belly syndrome is a congenital disorder that is due, as currently reported, to genetic basis. It is characterized by the following triad: deficiency of abdominal muscles in varying degrees, bilateral cryptorchidism and urinary tract anomalies. Two variants of the syndrome are identified, a deadly one and another compatible with life(AU)

Síndrome de abdomen en ciruela pasa y dextrocardia, asociación infrecuente / Prune belly syndrome and dextrocardia, an infrequent association

Se describe un neonato con Síndrome de abdomen en ciruela pasa, de sexo masculino, nacido de 36 semanas de gestación y pesó 3 650 g al nacer. El examen clínico mostró un neonato con un abdomen globuloso, con redundancia de la piel que huelga a los costados rebosantes, la palpación del abdomen no descubre la tonalidad muscular. No se palpa visceromegalia y hay presencia normal de ruidos hidroaéreos. El examen físico del tórax y cardiovascular fueron aparentemente normales. Normocéfalo y facies no peculiar. La radiografía de tórax muestra dextrocardía. La ecografía renal mostró dilatación pielocalicial. Revela además criptorquidia bilateral. (AU)

We report the case of a male neonate born after 36 weeks of gestation with a body weight of 3 650 g with Prune belly Syndrome. The physical examination revealed a distended abdomen with redundant skin that wrinkle like a prune, no visceromegaly was found and normal abdominal sounds were heard. The examination of thorax and cardiovascular systems were apparently normal. The neurologic exam was normal. The chest x-ray revealed dextrocardia. A renal ultrasound revealed pyelocalyceal dilation. Bilateral cryptorchidism was also observed. (AU)

Síndrome prune belly (vientre en ciruela): reporte de un caso / Prune belly syndrome(belly plum): a case report

Se presenta caso clínico de una mujer gestante quien en su primera consulta prenatal, con una gestación pretérmino por examen físico, presenta una ecografía que informa malformaciones en el sistema urinario y digestivo fetal. En el Hospital Nacional (Itauguá) se confirman dichos hallazgos. El desenlace fue fatal al mes de nacido, por complicaciones en la cirugía intervencionista intestinal.

Clinical case of a pregnant woman who in her first prenatal visit, with a preterm gestation by physical examination, fetal malformations in the urinary and digestive system is presented in the ultrasound. In the National Hospital of Itaugua these findings are confirmed. The outcome was fatal a month after the pacient was born, due to complications in the intestinal interventional surgery.

Anesthetic experience of a patient with Prune-belly syndrome / 대한마취과학회지

No abstract available.

Síndrome de Prune Belly: diagnóstico y manejo pre y posnatal. Presentación de dos casos / Prune Belly syndrome: diagnosis and prenatal and postnatal management. Report of two cases

El síndrome de Prune Belly es una anomalía congénita rara, caracterizada por presentar: hipoplasia de músculos de pared abdominal, anomalía del tracto urinario y criptorquidia bilateral, el cuadro clínico que desencadena en el recién nacido es variable, dependiendo sobre todo del grado de alteración del sistema urinario. La ultrasonografía es el método de elección en el diagnóstico prenatal. El manejo prenatal de este cuadro, está dirigido fundamentalmente a mejorar la función renal y pulmonar, siendo el tratamiento de elección la descompresión vesico-amniótico temprano a través de la colocación de un catéter doble pigtail. El siguiente artículo presenta 2 casos clínicos que muestran las principales formas clínicas de presentación, diagnóstico prenatal ultrasonográfico y manejo intraútero y postnatal de esta patología.

Prune belly syndrome is a rare congenital anomaly, characterized by having: hypoplasia of abdominal wall muscles, urinary tract anomalies and bilateral cryptorchidism, clinical triggers in newborns varies, depending primarily on the degree of disturbance urinary system. Ultrasonography is the method of choice in prenatal diagnosis. The prenatal management of this picture, is aimed primarily at improving renal function and lung being the treatment of choice vesico-amniotic decompression early through the placement of a double pigtail catheter. This article presents 2 cases showing the main clinical presentations, diagnostic ultrasound and prenatal intrauterine and postnatal management of this condition.

Prune-belly syndrome detected by ultrasound in the first trimester and the usefulness of vesicocentesis as a modality of treatment

Prune-belly syndrome may be related to lower urinary tract obstruction (LUTO). LUTO in the early gestational age exacerbates fetal renal function and may require intrauterine intervention. If early developed LUTO causes bladder distension and abdominal musculature deficiency, it will result in prune belly syndrome. Therefore, early detection of the disease and proper treatment before the renal impairment is important. However, there are few literatures concerning the treatment of prune belly syndrome in the first trimester. We report a case of prune belly syndrome diagnosed at 11+6 weeks of gestation and the value of vesicocentesis as a modality of treatment. Ultrasound showed dilated fetal bladder and vesicocentesis was successful in reducing the volume of the bladder. However, the pregnancy was terminated upon request.

Malformaciones de la uretra masculina: [revisión] / Malformations of the male urethra: [review]

La patología de la vía urinaria es frecuente en la población pediátrica. Las anomalías uretrales son comunes y constituyen una importante causa de morbilidad. Reconocer las patologías y utilizar de manera óptima los métodos diagnósticos disponibles son pasos claves para un manejo ideal de estos pacientes y para la prevención de futuras morbilidades, que en ocasiones son de alto costo e implican una reducción significativa en la calidad de vida.

Pathology of the urinary tract is common in the pediatric population. Urethral anomalies are frequent and an important cause of morbidity. Recognizing these diseases and usingimaging modalities in an optimal way, is important for an ideal management of the different pathologies and as a prevention strategy of future associated complications, that can turn into high cost diseases with an important impact in the quality of life.

Hallazgos estomatológicos en insuficiencia renal crónica debido a síndrome de Prune Belly: reporte de caso / Oral findings in renal chronic failure from Prune Belly syndrome: case report

El síndrome de Prune Belly es una alteración congénita que puede conducir a insuficiencia renal crónica y alteraciones metabólicas como hiperparatiroidismo secundario. El presente caso describe un individuo masculino que padece insuficiencia renal crónica debido al síndrome de Prune Belly y presenta hallazgos estomatológicos como hipoplasia de esmalte, signos radiográficos de osteopenia a nivel de los maxilares y ausencia de lesiones de caries. Los exámenes radiográficos demostraron retardo de edad biológica en el paciente. Se brindó tratamiento odontológico preventivo.

Prune Belly's syndrome is a congenital alteration that can lead to chronic renal failure and metabolic alterations as secondary hyperparathyroidism. The present case describes a male who suffers chronic renal failure due to Prune Belly's syndrome and presents oral findings like hipoplasia of enamel, radiographic signs of osteopenia in the upper maxilla and absence of carious lesions. Radiographic analyses showed a delay in the biological age in the patient. Preventive treatment was offered to the patient.

Síndrome de prune belly (ciruela pasa): reporte de un caso / Prune belly syndrome: a case report

El síndrome de prune belly es una rara anomalía congénita. Se trata de una triada compuesta por ausencia, deficiencia o hipoplasia de la musculatura de la pared abdominal, criptorquidia bilateral y malformación del tracto urinario (dilatación). Se presenta el caso de un bebé, de sexo masculino y con diagnóstico imagenológico in utero de megavejiga, valvas uretrales posteriores parciales y dilatación de los uréteres. Luego del nacimiento, las características fenotípicas fueron sugestivas del síndrome de prune belly (ciruela pasa). Los estudios complementarios confirmaron la ausencia de testículos en escroto, reflujo vésico ureteral bilateral y estenosis de la uretra proximal. La uro resonancia magnética con reconstrucción en 3D reportó que ambos riñones presentaban alteración en su morfología con quistes en su interior, hipoplasia renal derecha, uréteres dilatados y tortuosos, vejiga distendida con divertículo del uraco y deficiencia de los músculos rectos abdominales. Como complicaciones se presentaron una infección urinaria febril y una enfermedad renal crónica secundaria. Una vez los eventos infeccioso y obstructivo fueron resueltos la función renal se estabilizó y se procedió a realizar vesicostomía. El paciente fue dado de alta en condición estables, con manejo de la vesicostomía, profilaxis para infección urinaria y seguimiento periódico. La reconstrucción de su tracto urinario se realizará al segundo año de vida y de acuerdo con la evolución de su función renal.

Prune belly syndrome is a rare congenital anomaly. It is a triad consisting of absence, deficiency or hypoplasia of wall abdominal muscles, bilateral cryptorchidy, and urinary tract (dilatation) malformation. As an example, take the case of a male baby with in utero diagnostic of megacystis, partial posterior urethral valves, and dilated ureters. After birth, the phenotypic characteristics were suggestive of prune belly syndrome. Complementary studies confirmed the absence of testes in scrotum, bilateralvesicourereteral reflux and stricture of the proximal urethra. Magnetic resonance with 3D reconstruction reported that both kidneys had alterations in their morphology with interior cysts, right renal hypoplasia, long and tortuous ureters, distendedbladder with diverticulum of urachus and deficiency of abdominal muscles. There were complications like febrile urinary tract infection and secondary chronic kidney disease. Once the infectious and obstructive events were resolved the renal function was stabilized and the surgical approach was vesicostomy. The patient was discharged in stable condition, with vesicostomy management, prophylaxis for urinary tract infection and regular follow. The urinary tract reconstruction will be in the second year of life and according to evolution of his kidney function.

Síndrome de Prune Belly: reporte de un caso / Prune belly syndrome: a case report

El síndrome de Prune Belly es una rara enfermedad congénita de causa desconocida que se caracteriza por hipoplasia o agenesia de la musculatura abdominal, criptorquidia bilateral y obstrucción baja de las vías urinarias. El género principalmente afectado es el masculino con una relación 18:1 a favor del mismo. Se presenta un caso clínico de esta patología y se expone que la evaluación de la función renal es indispensable para el tratamiento y pronóstico, ya que en esta entidad clínica el daño renal es la principal causa de muerte.

Prune Belly syndrome is a rare congenital disease of unknown cause characterized by hypoplasia or agenesis of abdominal musculature, bilateral cryptorchidism and low obstruction of the urinary tract. This syndrome affects mainly males, with an 18:1 incidence ratio. We present a clinical case of this disease and explain that the evaluation of the renal function is essential for the treatment and prognosis, as in this clinical unit, renal damage is the leading cause of death.